![]() Is vaccine status associated with the severity of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients?.Rare variants of type I IFN immunity genes could underlie life-threatening COVID-19.The effectiveness of BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine against infection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.4/5.Few studies conducted to date have included a specific criterion for describing diarrhea, neither in terms of describing the number of evacuations per day nor consistency of stools. However, researchers believe that the currently available data may underestimate the burden of COVID-19 related diarrhea. Studies that look at the prevalence of diarrhea symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infections have reported lower rates than those observed in other coronaviruses, with studies reporting diarrhea in up to 50% of patients with SARS and 75% of patients with MERS. Larger cohort studies report prevalence rates between 20-30%. Current disinfection strategies such as chlorination may prove to be insufficient against the virus.Ī systematic review of gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 showed an overall prevalence of diarrhea between 5 – 10%, although rates varied extensively between studies. The potential for the virus to be transmitted via the fecal-oral route presents additional challenges for areas with poor sanitation. Prevalence of diarrhea in COVID-19ĭiarrhea as a symptom of COVID-19 has significant consequences for public health. ACE-2 is highly expressed in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract, providing a prerequisite for SARS-Cov-2 infection. The spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus binds with ACE-2 on the surface of the host cell, resulting in the endocytosis of the virus and enzyme into the cell. ACE-2 is an enzyme involved in lowering blood pressure and inflammation and is found on the surface of many cell types. It is widely accepted that the COVID-19 causing virus can enter and infect host cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2). Image Credit: Explode / Biological mechanisms for SARS-CoV-2 and gastrointestinal symptoms Early case reports demonstrated the presence of the virus in stool samples, suggestive of an additional route to transmission via the fecal-oral route. Interest in the impact of COVID-19 on the gastrointestinal system began to emerge in line with an increasing number of patients presenting with symptoms including nausea, diminished appetite and diarrhea. Currently, the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) list eleven symptoms as indicative of COVID-19, including two gastrointestinal symptoms. Across the globe, populations were asked to remain vigilant of three classic symptoms: a fever, a new and continuous cough and shortness of breathĪs the pandemic has continued, evidence that the infection can manifest in non-respiratory symptoms has grown. In the earliest stages of the pandemic, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus was thought to cause diseases of the respiratory system, with the thin cells of the respiratory system providing an environment for the infection to spread among humans via the respiratory tract.
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